The N52 engine incorporates an aluminium silicon composite cylinder head with a casting to accommodate for the instance of the Valvetronic actuator motor. The intakes are provided with compact, infinitely variable vane-type VANOS units for both intake and exhaust camshafts, electrically and hydraulically operated for exact valve timing of the four cylinders to add to mid-range power and reduced emissions. VANOS is governed by the Engine Control Module and receives its main inputs from the engine speed, loaded and the coolant temperature, while the camshaft actuation is powered by the engine oil pressure. They also include the Valvetronic system that manages engine load by the lift of the intake valve instead of a throttle valve for better efficiency, improved emission, rpm limit of 7000, hp per liter of 85, torque per liter of 100Nm across every range of speed and least CO2 emission.