The power assisted rack and pinion steering units on BMW E30 and E36 models have two ball socket joints per side. The outer ball socket, or outer tie rod end, is attached to the
Steering Knuckle with a tapered spindle and threaded onto the inner steering rod. The inner steering rod has a hex section for rotation adjustments and is locked with a locknut when the desired alignment is achieved. Adjusting the steering rod's position in the tie rod end changes the steering rod's effective length, used for front toe settings in alignment. This rod also has a concealed ball socket attached to the steering shaft rack and is covered by an accordion pleated boot. Lubrication is recommended during rotation to prevent boot twisting. Both ball sockets wear, with the tie rod end being more susceptible due to environmental exposure and brake heat.For removal and installation of the inner steering rod: Raise the vehicle's front, matchmark the tie rod end to the steering rod, and loosen the tie rod end locknut. Position the steering rack for disassembly, remove the boot from the housing, and slide it up the steering rod. Use a chisel and BMW Tool No.32 2 100 or equivalent to detach the ball socket. Remove the tie rod ends, counting their revolutions for reassembly alignment. Transfer the boot and locknut to the replacement rod, apply anti-seizing compound, rethread, and secure using the noted tool. Install the boot, and if removed, the outer tie rod end with a new locknut. Seat the spindle if needed, tighten the locknut, and ensure alignment is checked and adjusted.For the outer tie rod ends: Raise the vehicle's front, matchmark the tie rod end to the steering rod, and loosen the tie rod end locknut. Loosen the tie rod end-to-spindle locknut and separate the tie rod end using a tool. Remove the locknut and tie rod end from the inner steering rod, counting revolutions for reassembly alignment. Apply anti-seizing compound, rethread the outer tie rod end, secure with a locknut, and ensure alignment is checked and adjusted.