ATF lines run from the transmission to the back part of the radiator proceeding to the ATF cooler. Cold start of an engine warms the engine coolant more than warms the transmission fluid by circulating the heat from the coolant, and improves the efficiency of the drag in the transmission to entail better fuel economy. When the ATF is at the normal running temperature it tends to be slightly hotter than the engine coolant and serves as a cooling apparatus for the ATF heat exchanger. That is why when dealing with the cooling system, it is always wrong to pour cold water into the coolant when the engine is hot or has overheated; if at all, one must use hot water to mix with the coolant while the engine is running and the water pump is also functioning. To try and avoid further formation of silicate gel, deposition and the potential reduction of cooling capacity, it is better to use BMW coolant or its equivalent low silicate antifreeze. When oil has been admitted into the cooling system, the radiator together with the expansion tank and heating circuit require washing with a cleaning agent and it is advisable that the radiator and expansion tank be detached for thorough washing. Also, if there is a job on the cooling system, the alternator must be blanked off to prevent drips on hot components and before disconnecting the battery, one should know some important precautions about battery disconnection.